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在這一課裏, 我們學習以 t-i-o- n 結尾的名詞. 比如 education, introduction, production 等等. 我們還要學習以 a-l 結尾的形容詞, 比方 national, emotional, historical 等等.

首先我們還是看一下兩位英文老師的一段談話,內容是說彼得和瑪麗談起了有一齣歌舞劇在紐約上演轟動一時的事情.請你注意以下對話.

F: Peter, listen to the lyrics of this song.

M: What's so special about this song?

F: It's from the musical that is so popular in New York right now. Do you like it?

M: Not very much. It sounds too emotional to me.

F: That's why it is so popular. It was recorded by Barbara Martin. I've heard that when she sang this song on stage the opening night, she created quite a sensation.

M: I'm afraid my association with Broadway musicals is rather limited.

F: Well then, you need an introduction. The school drama club is putting on a musical production. Why don't you take me?

M: I have a better idea. Let's go to a jazz concert and I'll give you an education in jazz.

現在我請老師把對話裏包含了我們今天要學的字的句子再重覆一遍.

F: It's from the musical that is so popular in New York right now.

M: It sounds too emotional to me.

F: She created quite a sensation.

M: My association with Broadway musicals is rather limited.

F: You need an introduction. The school drama club is putting on a musical production.

M: I'll give you an education in jazz.

二.以TION結尾的名詞

第一組練習是比較動詞和以 t-i-o-n 結尾的名詞. 這些名詞都是由動詞演變來的. 比如 "打算" intend 變成 intention, "申請" apply 變成 application, "競爭" compete 變成 competition, "通知" inform 變成 information, "吸引" attract 變成 attraction 等等. 現在老師給你一些句子, 比較這種動詞和名詞在用法上的分別. 句子的內容主要說到我們剛才在對話裏提到的那位歌舞劇紅星早年是怎麼樣到紐約戲劇中心百老匯演歌舞劇的. 請你注意以下的句子.

M: New York attracts a lot of people. Broadway musicals are one of its attractions.

M: Barbara intended to go to New York . She told her parents about her intention.

M: They described New York for her. Their description sounded very exciting.

M: She applied for a singing role in a Broadway show. Her application was accepted.

M: She competed with a lot of applicants for the role and won the competition.

M: The company informed her of the good news. She was very happy to hear the information.

剛才那些句子說明芭芭拉怎麼樣在紐約百老匯的一出歌舞劇裏找到了演唱的機會. 我希望你都懂了. 如果沒有完全懂, 不要緊, 現在我們再作一組練習, 換一個方式把那些句子重複練習一遍. 練習的作法是老師根據剛才那些句子提出問句, 接著老師給出一個片語, 學生就用片語來回答問題. 下面就是一個 例子:

M: What did Barbara tell her parents?

M: her intention to go to New York

F: She told her parents about her intention to go to New York .

請你一起作練習. 同時特別注意以t-i-o-n結尾的名詞.

M: What is one of the attractions in New York ?

M: Broadway musicals

F: Broadway musicals are one of the attractions in New York .

M: What did Barbara tell her parents?

M: her intention to go to New York

F: She told her parents about her intention to go to New York .

M: What sounded exciting?

M: the description of New York

F: The description of New York sounded exciting.

M: What was accepted?

M: Barbara's application for a job in a Broadway musical

F: Barbara's application for a job in a Broadway musical was accepted.

M: What did she win?

M: the competition for the job

F: She won the competition for the job.

M: What did the company tell her?

M: the information that she was hired

F: The company told her the information that she was hired.

三.以AL結尾的形容詞

下面我們作一組練習, 學習以 a-l 結尾的形容詞. 這些形容詞都是從名詞演變來的. 比如 "感情" emotion 變成 "激動的" emotional,"喜劇"comedy 變成 "滑稽的" comical, "戲院" theater 變成"有戲劇性的"theatrical,"音樂" music 變成 "有音樂才能的" musical 等等. 不過 musical 這個字也可以當名詞用, 意思就是"歌舞劇".

下面這組練習裏的句子是說到芭芭拉在音樂和演戲方面的才華. 請你一起練習以下句子並且特別注意新辭彙.

M: Barbara loves music. She is very musical.

M: She has a career in the musical theater, because she is also talented in doing theatrical works.

M: Her acting is full of emotion. She can be very emotional when it is necessary.

M: When she acts in a comedy, she is comical.

M: She studies history before she plays a historical role.

M: Her performances are sensational. Her shows created a sensation on Broadway.

M: She plays in many cities across the nation. She attracts national attention.

下面我們以問答的方式重複練習剛才那些句子和新辭彙. 請你注意老師問題, 然後用老師提出的字或是片語來回答問題.

M: Is Barbara talented in doing theatrical works?

M: yes

F: Yes, she is talented in doing theatrical works.

M: When is she emotional?

M: when she acts

F: She is emotional when she acts.

M: When is she comical?

M: when she acts in a comedy

F: She is comical when she acts in a comedy.

M: When does she study history?

M: before she plays a historical role

F: She studies history before she plays a historical role.

M: Does she give sensational performances?

M: yes

F: Yes, she gives sensational performances.

M: Does she attract national attention?

M: yes

F: Yes, she attracts national attention.

四.復習TION結尾的名詞

下面我們再作一組練習多學學以 t-i-o-n 結尾的名詞.這些名詞仍然是動詞演變而來的, 比如 "跟某某人交往" 或是 "跟什麼什麼有聯繫" associate 變成 association,"提升" 或是 "宣傳" promote 變成 promotion, "製作" produce 變成 "作品" production, "即興表演" improvise 變成 "即興作品" improvisation 等等.

這組練習的內容是說芭芭拉在歌舞劇方面的經驗和成就. 請你注意以下句子.

M: Barbara associated with other artists.The close association with them was helpful to her.

M: The company promoted her. A lot of money was spent on her promotion.

M: The company produced many shows for her. The productions were successful.

M: When she sang she often improvised. Her improvisations were unique.

M: The songs she sang were translated into other languages. The translations made the songs popular abroad.

下面我們還是以問答方式重複練習剛才學過的句子和辭彙.現在請你注意老師根據剛才那些句子的內容問問題,然後作肯定的答覆.

M: Did Barbara have close associations with other artists?

F: Yes, she had close associations with other artists?

M: Did the company spend a lot of money for her promotion?

F: Yes, the company spent a lot of money for her promotion?

M: Were the productions produced for her successful?

F: Yes, the productions produced for her were successful.

M: Were the translations of her songs popular?

F: Yes, the translations of her songs were popular.

五.看短文回答問題

今天我們要聽的文章談到兩種美國流行歌曲,一種是起源於非洲宗教樂曲和民謠, 由美國黑人音樂家發揚光大的爵士音樂, 一種是以紐約戲劇中心 "百老匯" 為大本營的美國歌舞劇.

現在請你閱讀. 並且注意我們剛才學過的辭彙在文章裏的用法.

When people talk about American popular music, they don't just mean country music or rock music. There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is Jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters.

Jazz originated from African religious and folk music. The themes and melodies of jazz music have historical origins. They came from songs sung by black Americans in church or at work. There have been different kinds of jazz music, the blues, ragtime, swing boogie- woogie and others.

In playing jazz music, the performers blend rhythms and melodies with their skills of improvisation. Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public.

American theater has developed another American musical style. It is associated with a street in New York City , Broadway. Broadway musicals are dramatic productions in which the story is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs. The lyrics of these songs give background information about the story and express the feelings of the characters in the story. Many Broadway musicals have been made into movies that have been shown all over the world. " Oklahoma ", "Sound of Music", "My Fair Lady", and "West Side Story" are some good examples.

Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written.

現在請你回答三個問題. 請您回答後, 再看以下給你的正確答案.

第一個問題是:

M: What are two types of American popular music with international appeal?

F: They are Jazz and Broadway musicals.

第二個問題是:

M: What are the origins of American Jazz?

F: The origins of American Jazz are the religious and folk music of American blacks.

第三個問題是:

M: How is the story told in American musicals?

F: It is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs.

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